Assignment Major-12
• College name ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Maharani Shree Nandkuvarba Mahila Arts and Commerce College Bhavanagar *
• Name :
* Gohil Janaviba SahadevSingh *
• T.y.b.a Sem:-5
• Subject:- English
•Paper Name:- A study of the novel
•Professor Name:-Shivani Ma'am
•Submission date:-25/8/2025
🌺 Home assignment 🌺
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***Novel name:- Persuasion
By :~ Jane Austen
:
• About the author:- Jane Austen✨
Born:- 16 December 1775
Steventon, hampshire, England into middle class family.
Died:- 18 July 1817 (Aged 41)
Winchester, hampshire, England
Jane Austen was an english novelist known for her keen observations of social manners, class, and relationship. Persuesan novel by Jane Austen published Posthumously in 1817 unlike her novel northanger abbey with which it was published persuesan (written 1815-16) is a work for Austen's maturity, like Mansfield park and Emma it contains subdued satire and devlopes the comady of character and Manners.
• Introduction✨:-
Persuesan, Jane Austen's final completed novel, tells the story of Anne Elliott, a woman given a second chance at lover after a regretting a past decision. Eight years prior, she was persuaded to break of her engagement with captain went worth returned as a successful novel officer, and Anne must confront her lingering feelings and navigate a changed social landscape, Marked by societal expectations and the allure of a new suitor.
• Her major works include✨:-
~ pride and prejudice (1813)
~ Mansfield park (1814)
~ emma (1815)
~ Northanger abbey (1818, Posthumous)
~ persuesan (1818 Posthumous)
• Main Character's✨:-
*Anne Elliott:- Anne Elliot, the quiet and sensible middle daughter of Sir Walter Elliot, is the overlooked yet practical protagonist.
Unlike her vain family, she values duty and humility over beauty and status. Though once persuaded to give up true
love, Anne remains thoughtful, wise, and deeply considerate of others. Anne is level – headed considerate of others, and humble.
*Captain Frederick Wentworth:- Captain Frederick Wentworth is a brave and self-made Naval officer, admired by many for his character and success.
He values constancy and strength of mind in women. Though Anne loves him, her family, especially Lady Russell, considers him an unsuitable match due to his lower social standing, leading to their initial separation.
*Sir Walter Elliott:- The father of Anne Elliot, baronet, and owner of Kellynch Hall. Sir Walter is a caricature of the impractical titled upperclasses.
Extraordinarily vain, Sir Walter lines his dressing room with mirrors, and agrees to be seen in public only with attractive or well-born people.
Conscious of keeping up grand appearances, Sir Walter spends lavishly and brings hisfamily into debt.
A poor judge of character, he is easily fooled by those who would take advantage of him.
*Elizabeth Elliott:- Elizabeth Elliot, the eldest daughter of Sir Walter and Anne’s older sister, is her father’s favorite.
Vain and status conscious like him, she values appearances and social prestige above all. By the end of the novel, she remains unmarried, as no suitor of sufficiently high birth meets her standards.
*Mr.William Elliott:- Mr. William Elliot, Anne Elliot’s cousin and heir to Kellynch Hall, is a charming and smooth-talking man who appears to be perfectly respectable.
Shortly after the death of his first wife, he begins searching for a new bride.
Though hemanages to win back the favor of Sir Walter with his good looks and manners, Anne remains suspicious of his true intentions.
*Mary Elliott musgrove :- Mary Elliot Musgrove The youngest Elliot sister. Mary is married to Charles Musgrove and has two small boys.
She is high-strung, often hysterical, and always aware of the imagined slights others have done to her.
A rather inattentive mother, Mary focuses on social climbing.
*Charles Musgrove:- Mary’s husband and heir to the great house at Uppercross.
Charles is a relatively good-natured man who patiently endures his wife’s trials. He would have preferred to marry Anne Elliot.
*Louisa Musgrove:- Charles’s and Henrietta’s sister. Louisa is young and headstrong. She falls easily in love and admires the navy excessively.
*Henrietta Musgrove:- Charles’s and Louisa’s sister. Henrietta is young and fun-loving.
Though she is not as decisive as Louisa, Henrietta sees the charms both of her cousin Charles Hayter and of the dashing Captain Wentworth.
* Mr.&Mrs. Musgrove:- The parents of Charles, Henrietta, and Louisa. The Musgroves have provided a balanced, happy home for their children at Uppercross.
They are a landed family, second in rank in the parish only to the Elliots. They are practical and want only happiness for their children.
* Chaeles hayter:- cousin to the Musgroves through his mother, comes from a socially lower and more modest background due to his family’s unpolished lifestyle.
Despite this, Charles, the eldest son, chose a scholarly path and a vocation in the church, giving him more refined manners. As the future heir to his family’s land, he hopes to marry his cousin Henrietta.
*Captain benwick:- Captain Benwick is a melancholic naval officer who is mourning the death of his fiancée, Captain Harville’s sister. Shy and sensitive, he finds comfort in reading poetry.
While staying with the Harvilles during his leave, he meets Anne and later turns his affections unexpectedly toward Louisa Musgrove, seeking solace from his grief in new companionship.
*Lady Russell:- a close friend of Anne’s late mother, is a wealthy and practical woman who advises the Elliot family.
She is mindful of social class and financial matters, and Anne is her favorite among the Elliot daughters.
Though well-intentioned, Lady Russell occasionally misguides Anne with her advice.
*Admiral and mrs.croft :- a kind and devoted couple who rent Kellynch Hall after Sir Walter Elliot is forced to leave it. Admiral Croft is a respected naval officer, and his wife often accompanies him on his voyages.
They represent one of the rare examples of a happy, long-standing marriage in Austen’s works.
*Mrs.clay :- the daughter of Mr. Shepherd, is a well-mannered widow of lower birth who becomes close to Elizabeth Elliot.
Though not particularly attractive, she skillfully flatters Sir Walter, leading Anne to suspect that Mrs. Clay aimsto marry above her station and secure a place in the Elliot family.
*Mrs.smith:- Mrs. Smith, a girlhood friend of Anne Elliot, now lives in Bath in reduced circumstances.
Left widowed and penniless after her husband’s debts, she is also disabled by illness. Despite her hardships, she rekindles her friendship with Anne and plays a key role in revealing important truths about Mr. Elliot.
Through Mrs. Smith, the novel underscores Anne’s loyalty to true friendship and her disregard for superficial social appearances.
*Lady dalrymple:- Lady Dalrymple and her daughter, Miss Carteret, are the Irish cousins of the Elliots.
When they arrive in Bath, Sir Walter eagerly renews their acquaintance—not because of any genuine affection, but because of their highsocial status.
Despite being dull and lacking in wit, their rank makes them desirable company in his eyes.
*Capital Harville & Mrs. Harville:- Captain Harville and Mrs. Harville Friends of Captain Wentworth, this couple resides in Lyme and kindly cares for Louisa after her fall.
*Mr. Shepherd:-Mr. Shepherd is the Elliot family’s adviser and lawyer who helps Sir Walter navigate the consequences of his extravagant spending and mounting debts.
Practical and loyal, he offers sound financial counsel. He is also the father of Mrs. Clay, who becomes a companion to Elizabeth Elliott.
•_Summary_✨
Persuasion opens with a brief history of the Elliot family as recorded in Sir Walter Elliot’s favorite book, The Baronetcy. We learn that the Elliots are a respected, titled, landowning family. Lady Elliot, Sir Walter’s wife died fourtee n years ago and left him with three daughters: Elizabeth, Anne, and Mary. Both Elizabeth and Anne are single, but Mary, the youngest is married to a wealthy man named Charles Musgrove; they live close by. Sir Walter, who lavishly overspends, has brought the family into great debt. When Lady Russell, a trusted family advisor, suggests that the Elliots reduce their spending, Sir Walter is horrified. He is exceedingly vain and cannot bear to imagine life without his usual comforts. But with no other option, the Elliots decide they must relocate to a house in Bath where their expenses will be more manageable. They intend to rent the family estate, Kellynch Hall.
They soon find excellent tenants to rent their home; Admiral and Mrs. Croft are wealthy and well-mannered Navy people who have a model marriage. Sir Walter is relieved that the Admiral is a good-looking man. Though Sir Walter dislikes that the Navy brings “men of obscure birth into undue distinction,” he is satisfied with Admiral and Mrs. Croft as tenants for his home. Anne Elliot, the middle daughter, is also excited to meet the Crofts; Mrs. Croft is the sister of the man Anne loves. Eight years ago, she was engaged to be married to Captain Frederick Wentworth, but Lady Russell persuaded her that Captain Wentworth was not of high enough consequence, and Anne called off the engagement. With the Crofts at Kellynch, Anne hopes to see Captain Wentworth again.
Walter, Elizabeth, and Mrs. Clay (a widowed, somewhat lower-class friend of the family) leave for Bath. Anne goes to stay with her sister Mary at Uppercross Cottage for a period of two months. Mary complains often and Anne patiently listens to her sister’s worries. At Uppercross, Anne finds the Musgrove family delightful. Mr. and Mrs. Musgrove have three grown children: Charles (Mary’s husband), Henrietta, and Louisa. Anne marvels at the bustling nature of the household and the Musgroves’ clear affection for their children. Soon news comes that Captain Wentworth has returned from sea and is staying with his sister at Kellynch. Captain Wentworth makes friends with Mr. Musgrove, and he becomes a daily visitor at Uppercross. Anne is at first anxious to see him again after such a long time, but his actions toward her are merely detached and polite. He seems more smitten with Henrietta and Louisa Musgrove. Anne resigns herself to the idea that she has lost Captain Wentworth’s love forever.
Captain Wentworth proposes that they all take a trip to Lyme to go visit his friends the Harvilles. While they are there, a good-looking gentleman takes notice of Anne; they later discover that this man is Mr. Elliot, Anne’s cousin and Sir Walter’ s heir to Kellynch. The group decides to go for a morning walk on the beach. Louisa Musgrove has a bad fall and is knocked unconscious. Anne keeps a level head and does all she can to care for Louisa. The doctor determines that Louisa will recover, but she will have to remain in Lyme for several months. Captain Wentworth blames himself for Louisa’s fall and tries to help the Musgrove family. Anne returns to Uppercross to help Mr. and Mrs. Musgrove care for their younger children. After a few weeks, she leaves to stay with Lady Russell.
After Christmas, Lady Russell and Anne decide that they must rejoin the rest of the Elliot family in Bath, much to Anne’s dismay. Sir Walter and Elizabeth care little about her, but they are glad to have her come to Bath. In Bath, she is formally introduced to her cousin Mr. Elliot, who has made peace with his once estranged uncle, Sir Walter. Though she questions Mr. Elliot’s motives for his sudden apology, she accepts him as a pleasing gentleman. Mr. Elliot is extraordinarily appreciative of Anne, and I t is soon apparent that he seeks to make her his wife. While in Bath, Anne becomes reacquainted with an old school friend, Mrs. Smith, who has recently been widowed and fallen into hard times. From Mrs. Smith, Anne learns about Mr. Elliot’s hidden past; she finds out that he has mistreated Mrs. Smith and that he plans to marry Anne to ensure that he becomes the sole heir of the Kellynch baronetcy. Mr. Elliot fears that Sir Walter will marry Mrs. Clay, have a son, and thereby deprive him of his title. He plots to ensure that he will remain Sir Walter’s heir. Anne is appalled to hear this news.
The Crofts arrive in Bath with news of two engagements; Henrietta will marry her cousin Charles Hayter, and Louisa will marry Captain Benwick, a man she met at Lyme while she was convalescing. Anne is overjoyed that Captain Wentworth is not promised to Louisa and is free once again. Captain Wentworth soon arrives in Bath. He is now a much richer man than he was eight years ago, and Sir Walter reluctantly admits him into their social circle. Wentworth grows jealous because he believes Anne is attached to her cousin Mr. Elliot. Yet he writes Anne a love letter in which he describes his true, constant, and undying love for her. Anne is thrilled and they become engaged. Mr. Elliot is shocked that his plan to marry Anne has been foiled. He and Mrs. Clay leave Bath. It is rumored that they are together. There is no longer any danger that Sir Walter will marry beneath his station. Sir Walter and Lady Russell give their approval for the marriage between Anne and Captain Wentworth.
•Theme✨
* 1. The Dangers of Yielding to Persuasion:~
Anne Elliot is persuaded by her family and Lady Russell to reject Captain Wentworth’s marriage proposal because he lacked wealth and rank. This decision brings her years of regret and loneliness. Austen shows that allowing external pressures to outweigh personal judgment can lead to missed opportunities for happiness.
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* 2. Growth of Individual Judgment:~
Anne’s journey is one of maturity—she learns to trust her own feelings and values. By the end, she chooses Wentworth not because of social approval but because of personal conviction and true affection. The theme emphasizes the importance of independent thought and inner strength.
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* 3. Social Class and Mobility:~
Persuasion explores the rigidity of the English class system. Anne’s family values wealth, rank, and vanity, while characters like Captain Wentworth, who rise by merit in the navy, represent a new kind of respectability. Austen suggests that character, integrity, and hard work are more important than inherited status.
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* 4. Constancy and True Love:~
A counter-theme to persuasion is constancy—the endurance of true love despite time and obstacles. Anne and Wentworth’s love survives separation, misunderstandings, and social interference. Their reunion shows the triumph of steadfast affection over external influences.
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*5. Women’s Role in Society:~
The novel highlights women’s limited choices in a male-dominated society. Anne is dependent on her family’s approval and has little financial security. Austen critiques the way women’s futures are controlled by others, arguing for women’s right to make their own decisions in love and life.
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***Overall Message
Through Anne Elliot’s experiences, Austen conveys that while persuasion can sometimes be well-intentioned, it can also suppress personal happiness and freedom. The novel champions individual judgment, resilience, and constancy in love, while critiquing the shallow values of a society obsessed with rank and wealth.
• conclusion✨
In the conclusion of Persuasion, Jane Austen brings Anne Elliot and Captain Wentworth back together after years of separation and regret. Their renewed love shows that constancy, patience, and true affection can withstand time, social pressures, and past mistakes. Through Anne’s quiet strength and Wentworth’s unwavering devotion, Austen emphasizes the power of second chances and the triumph of sincere emotion over vanity and social rank. The novel closes on a hopeful note, suggesting that love, when guided by integrity and mutual respect, ultimately prevails.
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🌺 class assignment🌺
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Unit: 1&2 sense and sensibility by:~ Jane Austen
***Characters✨:-
°*Colonel Brandon
A retired officer and friend of Sir John Middleton who falls in love with Marianne Dashwood and acts kindly, honorably, and graciously towards the Dashwoods throughout the novel.
°*Mrs. Dashwood
The kind and loving mother of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret and second wife to Henry Dashwood. She has inherited no fortune of her own but wants the best for her daughters and shares Marianne's romantic sensibilities.
°*Elinor Dashwood
The nineteen-year-old eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood and the heroine of Austen's novel. Elinor is composed but affectionate, both when she falls in love with Edward Ferrars and when she comforts and supports her younger sister Marianne.
°*Henry Dashwood
The father of John Dashwood and, by a second marriage, of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret Dashwood. He dies in the opening chapter of the novel and bequeaths his estate at Norland to his son, leaving his wife and daughters impoverished.
°*Fanny Dashwood
The selfish, snobbish, and manipulative wife of John Dashwood and the sister of Edward and Robert Ferrars.
°*John Dashwood
The weak-minded and money-grubbing heir to the Norland estate. At his wife Fanny's suggestion, he leaves his mother and sisters with very little money and remains largely unconcerned for their welfare.
°*Margaret Dashwood
The thirteen-year-old, good-humored youngest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood, Margaret shares her sister Marianne's romantic tendencies.
°*Marianne Dashwood
The seventeen-year-old second daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Dashwood. Marianne's spontaneity, excessive sensibility, and romantic idealism lead her to fall in love with the debaucherous John Willoughby, though he painfully spurns her, causing her to finally recognize her misjudgment of him. After this turn of heart, she ultimately marries her long-standing admirer, Colonel Brandon.
°*Mrs. Ferrars
The wealthy, manipulative mother of Edward and Robert who disinherits her first son when he refuses to marry a rich heiress.
°*Edward Ferrars
The sensible and friendly older brother of Fanny Dashwood and Robert Ferrars. Edward develops a close relationship with Elinor while staying at Norland and ultimately marries her, after he is freed from a four-year secret engagement to Lucy Steele.
°*Robert Ferrars
A conceited coxcomb and the younger brother of Edwrt inherits his mother's fortune after she disinherits Edward. Ironically, he ultimatelyies Lucy Steele, even though it was Edward's engagement to this same woman that caused his mother to disinherit him.
°*Miss Sophiya grey
The wealthy heiress whom Willoughby marries after abandoning Marianne.
°*Mrs. Jennings
Lady Middleton's gossipy but well-intentioned mother who invites the Dashwood sisters to stay with her in London and makes it her "project" to marry them off as soon as possible.
°*Lady Middleton
A distant relation of the Dashwoods who lives at Barton Cottage with her husband Sir John Middleton and their four spoiled children.
°*Sir John Middleton
The jovial but vulgar distant relation of the Dashwoods who invites Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters to stay at Barton Cottage after Mr. and Mrs. John Dashwood inherit Norland, leaving the women homeless.
°*Mr. Thomas Palmer
Mrs. Palmer's gruff, unemotional husband.
°*Mrs. Charlotte Palmer
Mrs. Jennings' talkative and foolish daughter who invites the Dashwood sisters to stay at her home in Cleveland on their way from London to Barton.
°*Anne Steele
Lucy Steele's older, unmarried sister who accidentally reveals her sister's secret engagement to Edward Ferrars.
°*Lucy Steele
Mrs. Jennings' cousin and a sly, selfish, and insecure young woman. She has been secretly engaged to Edward Ferrars for four years but she ultimately marries his brother, Robert, once Edward is disinherited.
°*John Willoughby
An attractive but deceitful young man who wins Marianne Dashwood's heart but then abandons her (greedily) in favor of the wealthy Miss Sophia Grey.
_Summary_✨
When Mr. Henry Dashwood dies, leaving all his money to his first wife's son John Dashwood, his second wife and her three daughters are left with no permanent home and very little income. Mrs. Dashwood and her daughters (Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret) are invited to stay with their distant relations, the Middletons, at Barton Park. Elinor is sad to leave their home at Norland because she has become closely attached to Edward Ferrars, the brother-in-law of her half-brother John. However, once at Barton Park, Elinor and Marianne discover many new acquaintances, including the retired officer and bachelor Colonel Brandon, and the gallant and impetuous John Willoughby, who rescues Marianne after she twists her ankle running down the hills of Barton in the rain. Willoughby openly and unabashedly courts Marianne, and together the two flaunt their attachment to one another, until Willoughby suddenly announces that he must depart for London on business, leaving Marianne lovesick and miserable. Meanwhile, Anne and Lucy Steele, two recently discovered relations of Lady Middleton's mother, Mrs. Jennings, arrive at Barton Park as guests of the Middletons. Lucy ingratiates herself to Elinor and informs her that she (Lucy) has been secretly engaged to Mr. Ferrars for a whole year. Elinor initially assumes that Lucy is referring to Edward's younger brother, Robert, but is shocked and pained to learn that Lucy is actually referring to her own beloved Edward.
In Volume II of the novel, Elinor and Marianne travel to London with Mrs. Jennings. Colonel Brandon informs Elinor that everyone in London is talking of an engagement between Willoughby and Marianne, though Marianne has not told her family of any such attachment. Marianne is anxious to be reunited with her beloved Willoughby, but when she sees him at a party in town, he cruelly rebuffs her and then sends her a letter denying that he ever had feelings for her. Colonel Brandon tells Elinor of Willoughby's history of callousness and debauchery, and Mrs. Jennings confirms that Willoughby, having squandered his fortune, has become engaged to the wealthy heiress Miss Grey.
In Volume III, Lucy's older sister inadvertently reveals the news of Lucy's secret engagement to Edward Ferrars. Edward's mother is outraged at the information and disinherits him, promising his fortune to Robert instead. Meanwhile, the Dashwood sisters visit family friends at Cleveland on their way home from London. At Cleveland, Marianne develops a severe cold while taking long walks in the rain, and she falls deathly ill. Upon hearing of her illness, Willoughby comes to visit, attempting to explain his misconduct and seek forgiveness. Elinor pities him and ultimately shares his story with Marianne, who finally realizes that she behaved imprudently with Willoughby and could never have been happy with him anyway. Mrs. Dashwood and Colonel Brandon arrive at Cleveland and are relieved to learn that Marianne has begun to recover.
When the Dashwoods return to Barton, they learn from their manservant that Lucy Steele and Mr. Ferrars are engaged. They assume that he means Edward Ferrars, and are thus unsurprised, but Edward himself soon arrives and corrects their misconception: it was Robert, not himself, whom the money-grubbing Lucy ultimately decided to marry. Thus,x Edward is finally free to propose to his beloved Elinor, and not long after, Marianne and Colonel Brandon become engaged as well. The couples live together at Delaford and remain in close touch with their mother and younger sister at Barton Cottage.
👉 In short: Sense and Sensibility contrasts reason and emotion, exploring love, duty, social expectations, and the need for balance between heart and mind.
_Theme_✨
The central themes in Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen include:
1. Sense vs. Sensibility (Reason vs. Emotion)
The novel explores the contrast between rationality (sense, represented by Elinor) and emotional impulsiveness (sensibility, represented by Marianne).
Austen shows the need for a balance between reason and feeling in love and life.
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2. Love and Marriage
Marriage is not only about romance but also about social class, wealth, and security.
The novel questions whether love alone is enough or whether practical considerations are equally important.
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3. Social Class and Wealth
Inheritance, money, and property play major roles in relationships and opportunities.
Women especially are shown to be vulnerable in a society where their financial status depends on marriage.
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4. Family and Duty
Loyalty and responsibility to family are emphasized, especially in Elinor’s sacrifices.
Austen highlights both the support and the restrictions that family ties bring.
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5. Reputation and Society
Characters’ actions are judged according to strict social codes.
Women’s reputations, in particular, could be ruined by impropriety (as seen in Marianne’s situation with Willoughby).
Overall, Austen suggests that happiness in life and love requires a balance of sense and sensibility—reason guided by genuine feeling.
***_Unit : 1 & 2 SENSE AND SENSIBILITY_✨
Answer the following questions.
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1.What is Jane Austen best known for?
A: She is known for her novels that critique the English landed gentry of the late 18th century.
2.Who is John Dashwood?
A: He is Henry Dashwood’s son from a previous marriage, known for being selfish and unkind.
3.Who is Henry Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility?
A: He is the father of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret, and dies early in the novel.
4.Who is Mrs. Dashwood, and how does she relate to her daughters?
A: Mrs. Dashwood is the mother of Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret. She is romantic in nature and very close to her daughters, hoping to see them married well, though she lacks Elinor’s sense of restraint.
5. How is Elinor Dashwood portrayed in the novel?
A: Elinor, the eldest Dashwood daughter at 19, is sensible, composed, and discreet. She often conceals her own pain to protect her family and serves as a foil to her emotional sister Marianne.
6.What are the main traits of Marianne Dashwood?
A: Marianne is 17, emotional, impetuous, and openly romantic. She expresses her feelings without reserve and often disdains societal expectations, unlike her more reserved sister Elinor.
7. Who is Margaret Dashwood and how is she characterized?
A: Margaret is the youngest Dashwood girl at thirteen. She tries to imitate Marianne’s romantic ideals but is less extreme; she’s caught in the awkward stage between childhood and adulthood.
8.What is Edward Ferrars like, and what is his connection to Elinor?
A: Edward Ferrars is Fanny Dashwood’s brother. Shy and kind, he shares a mutual affection with Elinor, but he is reserved and hard to read, often giving her mixed signals about his feelings.
9.How is Lady Middleton different from her husband, Sir John?
A: Lady Middleton is elegant, vain, and emotionally distant. Unlike her husband, she dislikes company and finds little interest in others, despite taking great pride in her ill-mannered children.
10.Who is Mrs. Jennings and what is her personality like?
A: Mrs. Jennings is Lady Middleton’s jolly but vulgar mother. She constantly jokes about suitors for Elinor and Marianne and shares her love of company and humor with her son-in-law, Sir John.
11. What is Colonel Brandon’s role in the story?
A: Colonel Brandon is a 35-year-old, kind-hearted former officer with a serious demeanor. Though Elinor respects him, Marianne initially finds him too dull and unromantic for her tastes.
12. How is Mr. Palmer described in the novel?
A: Mr. Palmer is a bitter, sarcastic man who insults others, especially his wife. His unpleasant demeanor alienates those around him, despite his wife's constant apologies for his behavior.
13. Why does Willoughby marry Miss Grey?
A: Willoughby marries Miss Grey for her wealth, not love, choosing financial security over his feelings for Marianne.
14. Who is Dr. Harris and what does he do?
A: Dr. Harris is the physician who treats Marianne during her serious illness at Cleveland, ultimately helping her recover.
15. Where did Henry Dashwood live, and who owned the property?
A: Henry Dashwood lived at Norland Park in Sussex, England, which was owned by his wealthy uncle before being inherited by his son, John.
16. What happened to Henry Dashwood’s daughters after his death?
A: They were left with little fortune since Norland was inherited by John's family. Henry asked John to care for them, but John, influenced by his wife Fanny, chose not to provide financial support.
17.How did John Dashwood initially plan to help his half-sisters?
A: John planned to give each sister £3,000, but Fanny convinced him to keep the money for their own son instead.
18.How does Marianne first meet Willoughby?
A: Marianne meets Willoughby when she falls during a walk and he gallantly carries her home in the rain, making a strong first impression.
19.Why do the Dashwoods move to Barton Park?
A: Mrs. Dashwood accepts an offer from her relative, Sir John Middleton, to live in a cottage on his estate after being left with little money following Mr. Dashwood’s death.
20.How does Marianne meet Willoughby?
A: Marianne falls while walking in the rain, and Willoughby, a passing gentleman, rescues her and carries her home, making a dramatic and romantic first impression.
21.Why does Margaret think Marianne and Willoughby are engaged?
A: Margaret sees Marianne give Willoughby a lock of her hair, a very personal gesture, and assumes it means they are secretly engaged.
22.How does Marianne react to Willoughby’s departure?
A: Marianne is heartbroken and falls into a deep sadness, unable to hide her feelings of loss and disappointment.
23.What does Elinor learn about Willoughby’s relationship with Marianne?
A: Elinor finds out that Willoughby and Marianne were never formally engaged—he had only implied romantic intentions without any real commitment.
24. How does Mrs. Jennings try to cheer Marianne up after her heartbreak?
A: Mrs. Jennings predicts that Marianne will now end up marrying Colonel Brandon, trying to comfort her after Willoughby’s betrayal.
25.What happens during the Dashwood sisters' outing to the jeweler?
A: They run into a rude gentleman ordering a custom toothpick case—later revealed to be Robert Ferrars—and also unexpectedly meet their brother John.
***_UNIT : 1 & 2 SENSE AND SENSIBILITY_✨
MCQ
~~~~~~
1. When was Jane Austen born?
A) 16 July 1775
B) 16 December 1775
C) 18 July 1817
D) 18 December 1775
Answer: B) 16 December 1775
2. Which of the following is not one of Jane Austen’s six major novels?
A) Sense and Sensibility
B) Pride and Prejudice
C) Wuthering Heights
D) Persuasion
Answer: C) Wuthering Heights
3. What was the working title of Sense and Sensibility?
A) Elinor and Marianne
B) Love and Loss
C) The Dashwood Sisters
D) Reason and Emotion
Answer: A) Elinor and Marianne
4. Who inherits Mr. Dashwood’s estate after his death in Sense and Sensibility?
A) Elinor Dashwood
B) Marianne Dashwood
C) John Dashwood
D) Edward Ferrars
Answer: C) John Dashwood
5. Which character is described as “even more selfish and mean-spirited” than her husband?
A) Elinor Dashwood
B) Mrs. Dashwood
C) Fanny Dashwood
D) Margaret Dashwood
Answer: C) Fanny Dashwood
6. Which Dashwood sister is known for her strong sense, discretion, and emotional restraint?
A) Marianne
B) Elinor
C) Margaret
D) Mrs. Dashwood
Answer: B) Elinor
7. What best describes Marianne Dashwood’s personality?
A) Cold and practical
B) Quiet and shy
C) Youthful and romantic
D) Vain and selfish
Answer: C) Youthful and romantic
8. Who is the mother of the Dashwood sisters and has a romantic temperament?
A) Lady Middleton
B) Mrs. Dashwood
C) Fanny Dashwood
D) Elinor Dashwood
Answer: B) Mrs. Dashwood
9. Which character is thirteen and tries to imitate her older sister’s romantic ideals?
A) Marianne Dashwood
B) Margaret Dashwood
C) Elinor Dashwood
D) Lucy Steele
Answer: B) Margaret Dashwood
10. What is Edward Ferrars' relationship to Fanny Dashwood?
A) Cousin
B) Husband
C) Brother
D) Uncle
Answer: C) Brother
11. Who is described as kind and sociable, almost to the point of being intrusive?
A) Edward Ferrars
B) Colonel Brandon
C) Sir John Middleton
D) Mr. Palmer
Answer: C) Sir John Middleton
12. What is a key trait of Lady Middleton?
A) Warm and generous
B) Sensible and kind
C) Vain and proper
D) Quiet and nervous
Answer: C) Vain and proper
13. Who is described as jolly but vulgar, and enjoys matchmaking jokes about Elinor and Marianne?
A) Lady Middleton
B) Mrs. Jennings
C) Mrs. Dashwood
D) Miss Steele
Answer: B) Mrs. Jennings
14. Which character is considered too serious and unromantic by Marianne, but is respected
by Elinor?
A) John Willoughby
B) Edward Ferrars
C) Colonel Brandon
D) Mr. Palmer
Answer: C) Colonel Brandon
15. Who is John Willoughby financially dependent on?
A) Colonel Brandon
B) Mrs. Jennings
C) Miss Williams
D) Mrs. Smith
Answer: D) Mrs. Smith
16. What is Mr. Palmer known for?
A) Quiet kindness
B) Romantic ideals
C) Sarcastic bitterness
D) Social charm
Answer: C) Sarcastic bitterness
17. Which character is Edward Ferrars' vain and conceited brother?
A) Robert Ferrars
B) Sir John Middleton
C) John Dashwood
D) Mr. Palmer
Answer: A) Robert Ferrars
18. Who does John Willoughby marry, not for love, but for her wealth?
A) Miss Morton
B) Lucy Steele
C) Miss Grey
D) Elinor Dashwood
Answer: C) Miss Grey
19. What role does Dr. Harris play in the novel?
A) He attends Lady Middleton
B) He treats Colonel Brandon
C) He helps during Marianne’s illness
D) He proposes to Miss Steele
Answer: C) He helps during Marianne’s illness
20. Who ends up marrying Lucy Steele in the end?
A) Edward Ferrars
B) Colonel Brandon
C) Robert Ferrars
D) Willoughby
Answer: C) Robert Ferrars
21. Where did Henry Dashwood live before his death?
A) Barton Park
B) Norland Park
C) Cleveland
D) London
Answer: B) Norland Park
22. Who inherited Norland Park after Henry Dashwood’s uncle died?
A) Henry Dashwood
B) Elinor Dashwood
C) John Dashwood
D) Edward Ferrars
Answer: C) John Dashwood
23. How many daughters did Henry Dashwood have with his current wife?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Answer: C) Three
24. What amount did John Dashwood initially plan to give to his half-sisters?
A) 500 pounds each
B) 1000 pounds each
C) 3000 pounds each
D) 10,000 pounds total
Answer: C) 3000 pounds each
25. Who persuades John Dashwood not to give the money to his half-sisters?
A) Mrs. Ferrars
B) Mrs. Dashwood
C) Elinor Dashwood
D) Fanny Dashwood
Answer: D) Fanny Dashwood
26. Who becomes close to Elinor Dashwood while she is at Norland?
A) Colonel Brandon
B) John Willoughby
C) Edward Ferrars
D) Robert Ferrars
Answer: C) Edward Ferrars
27. What happens to Marianne during the walk in the country?
A) She gets lost
B) She falls and is carried home by a gentleman
C) She is caught in a storm alone
D) She argues with Elinor
Answer: B) She falls and is carried home by a gentleman
28. What is the name of the man who helps Marianne after she falls?
A) Edward Ferrars
B) Colonel Brandon
C) John Willoughby
D) Robert Ferrars
Answer: C) John Willoughby
29. What do Marianne and Willoughby share a strong mutual interest in?
A) Politics and history
B) Fashion and dancing
C) Art, music, and literature
D) Gardening and nature
Answer: C) Art, music, and literature
30. What clue does Margaret give about Elinor’s romantic interest?
A) That his name is Edward
B) That his name starts with “F”
C) That he is rich
D) That he lives in London
Answer: B) That his name starts with “F”
31. What emotional state is Marianne in after Willoughby announces his departure to
London?
A) Indifferent
B) Greatly upset and tearful
C) Excited
D) Angry at Elinor
Answer: B) Greatly upset and tearful
32.Who reveals to Elinor that she is secretly engaged to Edward Ferrars?
A) Anne Steele
B) Fanny Dashwood
C) Lucy Steele
D) Lady Middleton
Answer: C) Lucy Steele
33. How long has Lucy Steele supposedly been secretly engaged to Edward Ferrars?
A) One year
B) Two years
C) Four years
D) Six months
Answer: C) Four years
34. What item does Lucy mention she gave to Edward, which he keeps in a ring?
A) A bracelet
B) A poem
C) A letter
D) A lock of hair
Answer: D) A lock of hair
35. What is Elinor’s advice to Marianne after receiving Willoughby’s letter?
A) To write Willoughby a reply
B) To confront Willoughby in person
C) To restrain her emotions
D) To forget Edward
Answer: C) To restrain her emotions
36. What is the obnoxious gentleman in the jewelry shop doing?
B) That his name starts with “F”
C) That he is rich
D) That he lives in London
Answer: B) That his name starts with “F”
37. What does the title Sense and Sensibility primarily refer to?
A) Two types of fashion
B) Two different social classes
C) A contrast between logic and emotion
D) Different regions of England
Answer: C) A contrast between logic and emotion
38. Which character represents "sense" in the novel?
A) Marianne Dashwood
B) Lucy Steele
C) Elinor Dashwood
D) Fanny Dashwood
Answer: C) Elinor Dashwood
39. Marianne Dashwood symbolizes which of the following?
A) Sense
B) Sensibility
C) Prudence
D) Indifference
Answer: B) Sensibility
40. What do locks of hair symbolize in the novel?
A) Wealth and social status
B) Fashion and beauty
C) Affection and intimacy
D) Mourning and loss
Answer: C) Affection and intimacy
***_UNIT : 3 & 4
THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA_✨
*Answer the following questions.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1.Who was Ernest Hemingway?
Answer: Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist known for his economical and understated writing style.
2.When and where was Ernest Hemingway born?
Answer: He was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, U.S.
3.What notable awards did Hemingway receive?
Answer: He received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
4.Who is Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea?
Answer: Santiago is the old Cuban fisherman who is the main character of the novella. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish but remains hopeful and determined.
5.How is the marlin symbolic in the novella?
Answer: The marlin symbolizes Santiago’s ultimate challenge and also reflects his dignity and connection to nature. Though he loses the fish, it represents his greatest triumph.
6.Who is Manolin in The Old Man and the Sea?
Answer: Manolin is a young boy, Santiago’s apprentice and loyal companion, who first went fishing with him at the age of five. Although forced by his parents to fish with another boat due to Santiago’s bad luck, Manolin still deeply cares for him and supports him emotionally and practically.
7. Why does Manolin stop fishing with Santiago?
Answer: Manolin’s parents force him to join a more successful fishing boat because they believe Santiago is unlucky after not catching a fish for 84 days.
8.Who is Joe DiMaggio, and what is his significance in the novel?
Answer: Joe DiMaggio is a real-life baseball player admired by Santiago. Although he never appears in the story, Santiago often thinks of him as a symbol of strength and perseverance, especially because DiMaggio played through pain (a bone spur) and still succeeded.
9.Who is Martin in The Old Man and the Sea?
Answer: Martin is a café owner in Santiago’s village who, though never appearing in the story, often gives Santiago food through Manolin. Santiago acknowledges Martin’s generosity and believes he deserves to be repaid.
10.Where does Santiago live and work as a fisherman?
Answer: Santiago lives on the coast of Cuba near Havana.
11. How many days has Santiago gone without catching a fish?
Answer: Santiago has gone 84 days without catching a fish.
12.What kind of stories does Santiago tell Manolin?
Answer: Santiago tells stories about baseball legends and his younger days fishing off the coast of Africa.
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🌺Essay🌺
_________________
**_About the author_✨
_The old man and the sea by:~ Ernest Hemingway _✨
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)
Full Name: Ernest Miller Hemingway
Nationality: American
Life & Career:
Born in Oak Park, Illinois, in 1899.
Worked as a journalist and served as an ambulance driver in World War I, experiences that deeply influenced his writing.
Became part of the “Lost Generation” of writers in Paris during the 1920s.
Traveled widely—Europe, Africa, Cuba, and America—drawing from these experiences for his novels and short stories.
Writing Style:
Known for his simple, direct, and powerful prose, often called the “iceberg theory” (leaving much unsaid for the reader to interpret).
His works often explore themes of courage, endurance, war, love, and human struggle.
_**Major Works:**✨
~The Sun Also Rises (1926)
~A Farewell to Arms (1929)
~For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
~The Old Man and the Sea (1952) – which won the Pulitzer Prize.
_**Awards:_**✨
•Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea (1953).
•Nobel Prize in Literature (1954) for his “mastery of the art of narrative.”
Later Life:
Spent much of his later years in Cuba and the U.S.
Faced health struggles and depression, and died in 1961.
_**Summary_**✨
The Old Man and the Sea is the story of an epic struggle between an old, seasoned fisherman and the greatest catch of his life. For eighty-four days, Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, has set out to sea and returned empty-handed. So conspicuously unlucky is he that the parents of his young, devoted apprentice and friend, Manolin, have forced the boy to leave the old man in order to fish in a more prosperous boat. Nevertheless, the boy continues to care for the old man upon his return each night. He helps the old man tote his gear to his ramshackle hut, secures food for him, and discusses the latest developments in American baseball, especially the trials of the old man’s hero, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago is confident that his unproductive streak will soon come to an end, and he resolves to sail out farther than usual the following day.
On the eighty-fifth day of his unlucky streak, Santiago does as promised, sailing his skiff far beyond the island’s shallow coastal waters and venturing into the Gulf Stream. He prepares his lines and drops them. At noon, a big fish, which he knows is a marlin, takes the bait that Santiago has placed one hundred fathoms deep in the waters. The old man expertly hooks the fish, but he cannot pull it in. Instead, the fish begins to pull the boat.
Unable to tie the line fast to the boat for fear the fish would snap a taut line, the old man bears the strain of the line with his shoulders, back, and hands, ready to give slack should the marlin make a run. The fish pulls the boat all through the day, through the night, through another day, and through another night. It swims steadily northwest until at last it tires and swims east with the current. The entire time, Santiago endures constant pain from the fishing line. Whenever the fish lunges, leaps, or makes a dash for freedom, the cord cuts Santiago badly. Although wounded and weary, the old man feels a deep empathy and admiration for the marlin, his brother in suffering, strength, and resolve.
On the third day the fish tires, and Santiago, sleep-deprived, aching, and nearly delirious, manages to pull the marlin in close enough to kill it with a harpoon thrust. Dead beside the skiff, the marlin is the largest Santiago has ever seen. He lashes it to his boat, raises the small mast, and sets sail for home. While Santiago is excited by the price that the marlin will bring at market, he is more concerned that the people who will eat the fish are unworthy of its greatness.
As Santiago sails on with the fish, the marlin’s blood leaves a trail in the water and attracts sharks. The first to attack is a great mako shark, which Santiago manages to slay with the harpoon. In the struggle, the old man loses the harpoon and lengths of valuable rope, which leaves him vulnerable to other shark attacks. The old man fights off the successive vicious predators as best he can, stabbing at them with a crude spear he makes by lashing a knife to an oar, and even clubbing them with the boat’s tiller. Although he kills several sharks, more and more appear, and by the time night falls, Santiago’s continued fight against the scavengers is useless. They devour the marlin’s precious meat, leaving only skeleton, head, and tail. Santiago chastises himself for going “out too far,” and for sacrificing his great and worthy opponent. He arrives home before daybreak, stumbles back to his shack, and sleeps very deeply.
The next morning, a crowd of amazed fishermen gathers around the skeletal carcass of the fish, which is still lashed to the boat. Knowing nothing of the old man’s struggle, tourists at a nearby café observe the remains of the giant marlin and mistake it for a shark. Manolin, who has been worried sick over the old man’s absence, is moved to tears when he finds Santiago safe in his bed. The boy fetches the old man some coffee and the daily papers with the baseball scores, and watches him sleep. When the old man wakes, the two agree to fish as partners once more. The old man returns to sleep and dreams his usual dream of lions at play on the beaches of Africa.
_**Literally devices_**✨
~The Marlin
Magnificent and glorious, the marlin symbolizes the ideal opponent. In a world in which “everything kills everything else in some way,” Santiago feels genuinely lucky to find himself matched against a creature that brings out the best in him: his strength, courage, love, and respect.
~Joe DiMaggio
For Santiago, Joe DiMaggio serves as the ultimate inspiration. The iconic baseball legend symbolizes persistence and resilience, and his suffering parallels Santiago’s. Through each hardship, Santiago thinks about DiMaggio returning to baseball despite his painful bone spurs, and the knowledge that DiMaggio was able to endure enables Santiago to do so, too. He holds his idol in such high esteem that he wonders how DiMaggio, whose father was a fisherman, would fare against the marlin. Santiago posits that he too must have grown up poor, and feels DiMaggio would understand him. Seeing something of himself in DiMaggio, Santiago uses the man as an ongoing litmus test by which to judge his own efforts, motivating himself to continually strive, and to stay disciplined. This hero worship can be thought to be empowering rather than pitiable, as it allows Santiago to hold himself up to the highest standards possible.
~The Shovel-Nosed Sharks
The shovel-nosed sharks are little more than moving appetites that thoughtlessly and gracelessly attack the marlin. As opponents of the old man, they stand in bold contrast to the marlin, which is worthy of Santiago’s effort and strength. They symbolize and embody the destructive laws of the universe and attest to the fact that those laws can be transcended only when equals fight to the death. Because they are base predators, Santiago wins no glory from battling them.
_**Conclusion_**✨
In the conclusion of The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago returns home utterly exhausted after his long struggle with the marlin and the relentless attacks from sharks that leave him with nothing but the marlin’s skeleton. Though he has lost the physical prize, he achieves a spiritual victory. Santiago proves his strength, endurance, and dignity in the face of defeat, embodying Hemingway’s theme of the “grace under pressure” hero. The novella ends with Santiago resting and dreaming of the lions he saw in his youth—symbols of vitality, courage, and hope—suggesting that while he has been beaten outwardly, his spirit remains undefeated.
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