Assignment S.E.C✍🏻✨
College name :-
Maharani Shree Nandakuvarba mahila arts & Commerce college (Nilambag chock) Bhavnagar.
Name :-
Gohil janaviba sahdevsinh
Year:- T.y B.a (English)
Sem:- 5
Paper's Name:- S.E.C
Credit:- 2
Professor name:- insiya Ma'am
Topics :- critical thinking
&
criative thinking
Submission date:- 12/9/2025
🍁🔸Home assignment🔸🍁
🔹Critical thinking - concept
🔹What is critical thinking?
☞ Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and logically by questioning ideas, analyzing information, and evaluating evidence before reaching a conclusion. It means not accepting things blindly but reflecting on different viewpoints, identifying biases, and making reasoned decisions. In short, it is a skill of thoughtful and independent thinking that helps in solving problems and forming sound judgments.
It means:
Asking questions instead of accepting things blindly.
Looking at evidence and reasoning carefully.
Considering different perspectives.
Making decisions based on logic, not emotions or assumptions.
☞ In simple words: Critical thinking is careful and reflective thinking that helps you decide what to believe or what action to take.
🔹Importance of critical thinking skills and definition
🔹Importance
The importance of critical thinking lies in its ability to improve decision-making, solve problems effectively, enhance creativity, strengthen communication, and help individuals think independently without blindly accepting information.
🔹Definition
Critical thinking skills are the ability to carefully analyze, evaluate, and interpret information before making a decision or forming a judgment. It means not just accepting ideas at face value but questioning, reasoning, and considering evidence.
🔹 Critical thinking defined by Edward Glaser
Edward Glaser (1941) gave one of the classic and widely accepted definitions of critical thinking.
He defined it as:
> "Critical thinking calls for a persistent effort to examine any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the evidence that supports it and the further conclusions to which it tends."
Glaser emphasized three key aspects in his definition:
1. Attitude of inquiry – A willingness to question assumptions, beliefs, and claims instead of accepting them blindly.
2. Knowledge of methods – Understanding logical reasoning, inquiry methods, and how evidence should be tested.
3. Skill in application – The ability to actually apply logical and scientific methods to evaluate information and draw reasoned conclusions.
☞ In short, according to Glaser, critical thinking is not just knowing how to reason, but also having the right attitude to question, the knowledge of logical methods, and the skill to apply them effectively.
🔹Hence critical thinking is
Here’s how you can frame it as a proper definition with “hence”:
Hence, critical thinking is the process of careful, logical, and reflective thinking where a person questions assumptions, evaluates evidence, considers different viewpoints, and makes reasoned judgments instead of accepting things blindly.
☞ In short: Critical thinking = questioning + analyzing + reasoning + concluding wisely.
🔹Qualitys of well cultivated critical thinker
☞ Raises vital questions and problem,
formulating them cdearly and precisely; Gathers and assesses relevantinformation, using abstract ideas to interpret it effectively comes to well reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant c criteria and standards:
☞ Thinks open mindedly
within alternative systems of thought, recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, implications, and practical consequences; And communicates effectively with others in figuring out solutions to complex Tie flowinged problems.
☞ Critical thinking is, in short,
self-directed, self-disciplined, self- monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presuppOses assent to rigorous standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication: and problem solving abilities and a commitment to overcome ur native egocentrism and socio centrism.
☞ No oneis a critical thinker through and through,
but only to such and such a degree, with such and such insights and blind spots, subject to such and such tendencies towards self delusion. For this reason, the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions is a lifelong endeavour.
🔹 Characteristics of critical thinking
1. Curiosity 🤔
Definition: Curiosity is the desire to learn, understand, and explore ideas beyond superficial knowledge. It’s a mindset that drives inquiry and discovery.
Key Points:
Critical thinkers are not satisfied with incomplete answers.
They ask questions like “Why?” “How?” and “What evidence supports this?”
Curiosity fuels lifelong learning and intellectual growth.
Example:
A student reads that a new study claims “eating chocolate improves memory.” Instead of believing it immediately, they ask: “Who conducted this study? How was it conducted? Is it peer-reviewed?”
Practical Application:
Encourages research, exploration, and challenging assumptions.
Leads to discovery of new perspectives and insights.
---
2. Open-mindedness 🧠
Definition: Open-mindedness is the willingness to consider different ideas, opinions, and perspectives, even if they conflict with one’s own beliefs.
Key Points:
Involves suspension of judgment until evidence is reviewed.
Reduces bias and narrow-minded thinking.
Promotes empathy and understanding of multiple viewpoints.
During a debate on climate policies, an open-minded thinker listens to opposing arguments before forming an opinion, considering data from both sides.
Practical Application:
Improves decision-making in diverse environments (workplaces, communities).
Encourages collaborative problem-solving.
---
3. Analytical Skills 🔍
Definition: Analytical skills involve examining information carefully, identifying patterns, and separating relevant from irrelevant details.
Key Points:
Helps break down complex problems into manageable parts.
Supports identifying cause-and-effect relationships.
Ensures reasoning is evidence-based rather than opinion-based.
Example:
Analyzing a company’s declining sales by reviewing market trends, customer feedback, and competitor strategies separately to identify the root cause.
Practical Application:
Crucial for research, planning, and troubleshooting complex problems.
Reduces errors by carefully examining all factors.
---
4. Skepticism 🧐
Definition: Skepticism is a questioning attitude toward knowledge, statements, or claims. It prevents blind acceptance and encourages verification.
Key Points:
Not the same as cynicism; skepticism is healthy inquiry.
Encourages evidence-based conclusions.
Helps in identifying misinformation or flawed reasoning.
Example:
Seeing a “miracle health cure” online, a skeptical thinker asks: “Are there clinical studies to back this up? Who funded the research?”
Practical Application:
Critical for media literacy, science, and decision-making in uncertain conditions.
Protects from manipulation, fraud, and propaganda.
---
5. Logical Reasoning 🧩
Definition: Logical reasoning is the ability to think coherently, connect ideas, and draw conclusions that follow from evidence and principles.
Key Points:
Ensures conclusions are rational and defensible.
Involves inductive (generalizing from specifics) and deductive (deriving specifics from general rules) reasoning.
Example:
Premise 1: All mammals breathe air.
Premise 2: Whales are mammals.
Conclusion: Therefore, whales breathe air.
Practical Application:
Essential in problem-solving, debate, programming, and legal reasoning.
Avoids fallacies and biased reasoning.
---
6. Reflection & Self-awareness 💭
Definition: Reflection involves examining one’s own beliefs, biases, and thinking processes to improve understanding and reasoning.
Key Points:
Helps recognize personal assumptions and prejudices.
Promotes intellectual humility—acknowledging that you can be wrong.
Improves adaptability and judgment.
Example:
A person initially opposes a political policy. On reflection, they realize their objection is based on hearsay rather than facts.
Practical Application:
Encourages growth, ethical decision-making, and personal development.
Enhances clarity in reasoning by identifying internal biases.
---
7. Problem-Solving Ability 🛠️
Definition: The ability to identify, analyze, and solve problems effectively using reasoning and creativity.
Key Points:
Critical thinkers see problems as challenges rather than obstacles.
They generate multiple solutions and weigh pros and cons before acting.
Combines analytical skills with innovation.
A manager notices frequent workflow bottlenecks. Instead of blaming staff, they redesign processes based on data analysis to improve efficiency.
Practical Application:
Essential in business, engineering, science, and daily life decisions.
Helps convert thinking into actionable results.
---
8. Communication Skills 🗣️
Definition: The ability to clearly articulate ideas, reasoning, and conclusions to others.
Key Points:
Communicating effectively ensures logical reasoning is understood and persuasive.
Includes verbal, written, and non-verbal communication.
Critical thinkers use evidence to support claims.
Example:
Writing a research paper that presents an argument with clear structure, supporting evidence, and logical flow.
Practical Application:
Vital in leadership, education, negotiation, and advocacy.
Ensures ideas are implemented and shared accurately.
---
9. Decision-Making Capability ✅
Definition: The ability to make thoughtful, well-reasoned choices after evaluating alternatives, risks, and consequences.
Key Points:
Decisions are based on evidence, analysis, and logical reasoning.
Reduces impulsivity and emotional bias.
Considers both short-term and long-term outcomes.
Choosing a university program by comparing curriculum, faculty expertise, career opportunities, and personal goals rather than following friends’ choices.
Practical Application:
Critical in career planning, business strategy, and personal life.
Ensures rational, responsible, and beneficial choices.
---
10. Persistence & Patience ⏳
Definition: The ability to remain engaged and thoughtful when solving complex problems, even when challenges are difficult or progress is slow.
Key Points:
Critical thinkers don’t rush judgments.
They revisit and reevaluate information as needed.
Encourages thoroughness and accuracy.
Example:
A scientist conducting long-term experiments patiently monitors results, repeating tests to ensure validity.
Practical Application:
Essential in research, entrepreneurship, education, and critical analysis.
Avoids superficial conclusions and encourages mastery.
---
Summary of Critical Thinking Characteristics
A critical thinker:
Inquires deeply (curiosity & skepticism)
Considers multiple perspectives (open-mindedness)
Analyzes thoroughly (analytical & logical reasoning)
Reflects on self (self-awareness & reflection)
Solves problems effectively (problem-solving & decision-making)
Communicates clearly (communication)
Perseveres thoughtfully (persistence & patience)
Bottom Line:
Critical thinking is not innate; it is a skill that can be developed and refined. These characteristics work together to make reasoning rational, decisions sound, and understanding deeper.
｡◕‿◕｡ Conclusion on critical thinking
Critical thinking is the disciplined, intellectual process of actively and skillfully analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing information. It enables individuals to make reasoned judgments, solve problems effectively, and make informed decisions.
At its core, critical thinking involves curiosity, open-mindedness, skepticism, logical reasoning, reflection, and persistence. These traits ensure that a person does not accept information blindly but questions assumptions, examines evidence, considers alternative perspectives, and arrives at conclusions based on rational thought rather than emotion or bias.
In today’s complex and information-rich world, critical thinking is more important than ever. It helps in decision-making, problem-solving, communication, and lifelong learning. By cultivating critical thinking, individuals not only enhance their intellectual abilities but also become responsible, ethical, and reflective citizens capable of navigating challenges effectively.
In essence: Critical thinking is the foundation of rational thought, informed decision-making, and intellectual growth. It transforms information into knowledge and knowledge into wise action.
https://youtu.be/Bry8J78Awq0?si=tqzPraLmRY1j464x
🍁🔸Class assignment🔸🍁
🔹 Creative thinking
🔹What is creative thinking
Creative thinking is the ability to think in new, original, and imaginative ways. It involves looking at problems or situations from different perspectives, generating innovative ideas, and finding solutions that are not obvious or conventional. Unlike routine thinking, which relies on established patterns and rules, creative thinking encourages exploration, experimentation, and flexibility.
🔹 Components of creative thinking
1. Fluency 🗣️
Definition: Fluency is the ability to generate a large number of ideas or solutions in a short time. It emphasizes quantity, not necessarily quality, because having more ideas increases the chance of finding something innovative.
Example:
A teacher asks students to think of ways to reduce plastic waste. A fluent thinker might list: recycling, reusable bags, banning single-use plastics, making biodegradable plastics, awareness campaigns, composting, etc.
Here, the key is producing many ideas, even if some are simple or impractical.
Importance:
Fluency allows the mind to explore multiple avenues and prevents fixation on one idea.
---
2. Flexibility 🔄
Definition: Flexibility is the ability to look at a problem from different perspectives and adapt thinking to different contexts. It involves switching approaches when one strategy isn’t working.
Example:
Imagine a company wants to market a new smartphone. A flexible thinker might consider different strategies: social media campaigns, influencer endorsements, offline events, eco-friendly packaging, or AI features.
They can move from “traditional advertising” to “viral online challenges” or even “collaborations with artists,” depending on the context.
Importance:
Flexibility prevents rigid thinking and opens the door for novel solutions.
---
3. Originality 🌟
Definition: Originality is the ability to produce unique, uncommon, or unconventional ideas that others might not think of.
Example:
Nikola Tesla imagined wireless electricity transmission when most people only thought of wired systems.
In daily life, someone creating a chair that doubles as a bookshelf is showing originality.
Importance:
Originality differentiates creative thinkers from average thinkers—it’s what makes ideas innovative and distinctive.
---
4. Elaboration ✍️
Definition: Elaboration is the ability to expand on a basic idea by adding details, complexity, or enhancements.
Example:
A student sketches a simple solar-powered car. Through elaboration, they detail solar panels, battery storage, aerodynamic design, and even an app for monitoring energy consumption.
This turns a simple concept into a complete, workable solution.
Importance:
Elaboration is what refines creativity, making ideas practical and implementable.
---
5. Risk-Taking / Courage 🎢
Definition: Creative thinkers often take risks by trying new approaches even if success is uncertain. It requires courage to experiment and potentially fail.
Example:
Entrepreneurs launching startups with new technologies—like electric cars before they were mainstream—exhibit risk-taking.
An artist experimenting with a bold new style despite fear of criticism is also taking creative risks.
Importance:
Risk-taking is vital because innovation rarely happens without stepping outside comfort zones.
---
6. Imagination 🧠💭
Definition: Imagination is the ability to visualize things that don’t yet exist or conceive ideas beyond current reality.
Example:
Authors like J.K. Rowling imagined Hogwarts, a completely fictional world, and turned it into a beloved reality through storytelling.
Engineers imagining smart cities with self-driving cars and AI traffic management systems.
Importance:
Imagination is the foundation of creativity—it allows us to see possibilities beyond the obvious.
---
7. Curiosity 🔍
Definition: Curiosity is the drive to explore, ask questions, and seek new knowledge. Curious minds question assumptions and look for hidden connections.
Example:
A scientist asking, “Why do some plants survive in extreme heat while others don’t?” may discover drought-resistant crops.
A child exploring how magnets work, experimenting with different materials, and asking “why” over and over.
Importance:
Curiosity fuels continuous learning and discovery, which is essential for creativity.
🔹Steps of creative thinking
1. Preparation (Research and Information Gathering)
🔲 This is where you start by collecting knowledge, facts, and ideas related to your problem or goal.
You study the field, observe trends, and understand what has already been done.
The goal is to fill your mind with enough material to spark creativity later.
Example:
A student wants to design an eco-friendly school project. They research topics like renewable energy, recycling systems, and biodegradable materials.
2. Incubation (Processing and Resting the Mind)
🔲 After gathering information, you step back and give your mind time to process it.
Sometimes creativity happens when you’re not actively thinking about the problem—your subconscious brain keeps working in the background.
Example:
The student takes a break from the project and goes for a walk. During this time, their brain quietly connects ideas from their research.
3. Illumination (The “Aha!” Moment)
🔲 This is when inspiration strikes! A new idea suddenly comes into your mind, often unexpectedly.
It feels like a lightbulb turning on.
Example:
The student suddenly realizes: “What if I design a school bench made from recycled plastic bottles?” 💡
4. Evaluation (Testing and Refining the Idea)
🔲 You now critically test your idea to see if it works.
This includes experimentation, making prototypes, and refining your idea to check if it’s practical.
Example:
The student builds a small prototype of the bench using plastic bottles and tests its strength. They adjust the design to make it safer and more comfortable.
5. Verification (Sharing and Finalizing)
🔲 The final stage is to present or share your idea with others.
You gather feedback, improve if necessary, and put the idea into real-world use.
Example:
The student presents their recycled bottle bench at the school science fair. Teachers and students give feedback, and the idea is appreciated as both creative and practical.
｡◕‿◕｡ Conclusion of Creative Thinking
Creative thinking is the ability to look at problems, situations, or ideas from a fresh perspective and come up with innovative solutions. It involves going beyond routine patterns, combining imagination with logic, and turning new ideas into practical outcomes.
🔸It encourages innovation and helps in solving problems effectively.
🔸It opens the mind to multiple possibilities rather than being limited to one answer.
🔸It drives progress in education, business, science, and daily life.
🔸It connects imagination and practicality, leading to meaningful results.
https://youtu.be/wbFVNBNl7Bk?si=suIr9J9z6Iml0hGW
🍁🔸Essay 🔸🍁
🔹Goal setting skills
1. Clarity of Goals
A goal should be specific and clear so you know exactly what you’re aiming for.
Vague goals (like “I want to do well in studies”) don’t give direction. Clear goals (like “I want to score 85% in my final exams”) make it easier to plan.
Example: Instead of saying “I want to be healthier,” set a goal like “I will exercise 30 minutes, 5 days a week.”
______________________________________________
2. SMART Goals Framework
Good goals are often described as SMART:
Specific – Clear and focused.
Measurable – Can track progress.
Achievable – Realistic and possible.
Relevant – Matches your needs/values.
Time-bound – Has a deadline.
Example: “I will save ₹5,000 in 3 months by reducing unnecessary expenses” is a SMART goal.
______________________________________________
3. Planning and Action Steps
Breaking a big goal into small steps makes it easier to achieve.
Action plans act like a roadmap toward your goal.
Example: If your goal is to write a 20-page project, break it into steps:
1. Research (Week 1)
2. Outline (Week 2)
3. Drafting (Weeks 3–4)
4. Editing (Week 5)
______________________________________________
4. Self-Motivation and Discipline
Setting goals is easy, but staying motivated is the real skill.
Discipline helps you stick to your plan even when you feel lazy or distracted.
Example: A student wanting to improve grades must push themselves to study regularly, even when they feel like watching TV.
______________________________________________
5. Time Management
Goals need proper time allocation.
Prioritizing tasks ensures you don’t waste time on unimportant activities.
Example: If your goal is to learn guitar in 6 months, you should dedicate at least 30 minutes daily to practice.
______________________________________________
6. Flexibility and Adaptability
Sometimes plans don’t work out. Flexibility allows you to adjust while still moving toward your goal.
Example: If you planned to jog every morning but it rains, you can switch to indoor exercise.
______________________________________________
7. Tracking and Reviewing Progress
Regularly checking progress helps you know if you’re on the right path.
Reviewing allows you to make improvements.
Example: A person trying to lose 10 kg in 4 months should check their weight weekly to track progress.
______________________________________________
8. Celebrating Small Wins 🎉
Recognizing achievements, even small ones, keeps you motivated.
Rewards encourage consistency.
Example: After completing 10 days of consistent study, reward yourself with a small break or a treat.
---
｡◕‿◕｡Conclusion
Goal setting skills mean being clear about what you want, making a realistic plan, staying disciplined, managing your time, and reviewing progress. These skills not only help in studies and career but also in personal growth, making you more organized, motivated, and successful.
🔹references
• Critical thinking develops logical decision-making in education and career.
• Creative thinking encourages innovation in problem-solving and personal life.
• Goal setting provides clear direction in studies, career growth, and self-improvement.
🔳 Visit this links 🔗
☞ https://share.google/0IeJfvajdxHFdN8lA
☞ https://share.google/RD87h6m9Tqv8aCpcH
☞ https://share.google/h6tSvQoLExdUThyfm
.jpg)
ટિપ્પણીઓ
ટિપ્પણી પોસ્ટ કરો